Hi Ryo,
For XWindow systems, the command-line program xfontsel can be used to show fonts (with way too many options because this existed before scalable fonts - look under the 'fmly' options).
On my Mac the command-line program "atsutil font -list" gives a list of fonts. (I just did an "apropos font" to discover the atsutil program, so I am not sure if this is the best answer.) Note that if you specify a font that is not present, the program (or rather the graphics library) will substitute whatever it thinks is an appropriate substitute.
When using system fonts, especially under Python 3.x, unicode (UTF8) is used. So I think (but I have not tested this) you should be able to specify UTF8 characters and not be limited to ASCII. (And my suspicion about this bug is that a non-ASCII UTF8 character is getting used with the old Hershey font.)
Karl